Лингвистика

his term after the revolution: when aqa is used in society at large without a persons last name it is understood that reference is being made to the leader of the revolution. aqa has less semantic weight than emam and is used in a less formal context.
The use of bæradær and xahær with reference to the addressee was discussed above. The use of these terms with reference to the referents will be illustrated in this section. In this context, bæradær and xahær were initially used either alone or with the last name of the person referred to, and the use of governmental or professional titles such as doktor Dr. and mohændes engineer was avoided. However, after some high-ranking officials and religious figures emphasized the importance of advanced education and expertise in the society, these once discarded titles came into use again. Therefore, nowadays, these new forms can occur with title (T) plus last name (LN), such as bæradær doktor æhmædi brother Dr. Ahmadi or bæradær mohændes mohseni brother engineer Mohseni. However, xahær is less likely to be used with titles, instead the female marker xanom Mrs. is used with titles such as Dr. This indicates more respect and distance with regard to addressing females.
It should be pointed out that there is a cooccurrence restriction between bæradær and xahær and first name (FN) when referring to officials.
With regard to religious titles, bæradær may or may not be used with lower religious ranks such as hoʤatoleslam, but it cannot cooccur with higher religious titles such as ayatollah.
There are other terms which do not allow cooccurrence with bæradær and xahær, some of which are listed below:
Persian Terms Literal Translation
haʤ aqa Mr. Pilgrim to Mecca
haʤ xanom Mrs. Pilgrim to Mecca
aq