titutions usually involves a four- or five-year course of study, after which students can enroll for graduate training for a one- to three-year term. Graduate students who successfully complete their courses of study, comprehensive examinations, and the defence of their dissertations receive degrees "Candidate of Sciences". A high degree, "Doctor of Sciences" is awarded to scholars who have made outstanding contributions to their disciplines.
The countrys most well-known universities include Moscow M. V. Lomonosov State University founded in 1755, St Petersburg State University founded in 1819, Kazan State University founded in 1959. Other important universities are located in Rostov-on-Don, Nizhny Novgorod, Tomsk, Vladivostok, and Voronezh.
Text 6
Read the next fragment of the text "Popular English Sports and Games" and find answers to the questions:
1. What is the national emblem of Scotland?
2. Why does the thistle have nothing pleasant in it?
3. Why did the Scottish people choose the thistle for their national emblem?
The thistle has nothing pleasant in it, especially if you carelessly touch its thorns. But it has an important meaning for the people of Scotland. The thistle is the Scottish national emblem. Scotland, as you may know, is now part of Great Britain.
Why did the Scottish people choose this thorny plant as the national emblem of their country?
The answer is interesting, and it can be found in the history of Scotland. The people of that country chose the thistle as their national emblem because it saved their land from foreign invaders many years ago.
People say that during a surprise night attack by the invaders the Scottish soldiers were awakened by the shouts
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