Лингвистика

Mrs. However, there has been a decline in the use of særkar since the Islamic Revolution. Even before the revolution, it was mainly used by the educated upper- and middle-class people.
Another honorific term with reference to the addressee is hæzræt-e ali Your Excellency. This




word expresses greater respect than ʤenab-e ali and is used where there is a higher degree of superiority in terms of age, rank, or reverence. Like ʤenab-e ali, the use of hæzræt-e ali is restricted to adult male members of the society and it is less common in the speech of the working-class people.
Finally, this section would not be complete without reference to the two existing pronouns for the singular addressee namely to and ʃoma. In this respect, Persian is similar to many other Indo-European languages (see Brown & Gilman, 1960).
Generally speaking, to is considered a rude form of address to non-intimates. Parents and teachers usually warn their children and pupils, respectively, against the use of this pronoun, particularly when talking to older people, and recommend the polite pronoun ʃoma. However, to is used in the following settings:
1. When an intimate relationship exists between spouses, close friends, colleagues, peers, and classmates. This use of to is one of intimacy and solidarity.

2. In a familial situation, it is a common practice for parents to address their children by to before they are about fifteen years old. This downward use of to, however, varies according to parents attitudes and educational background. Some educated middle-class parents have been observed to address their young children by the polite pronoun ʃoma, a practice which is generally found anomalous and sometimes ridiculous by lower social groups.