bleeding has stopped, the victim should avoid blowing his nose or otherwise straining himself for at least an hour.
Questions
1. Is a nosebleed usually a symptom of a serious injury?
2. Can a nosebleed be stopped by briefly pinching the nostrils?
Fractures
A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture. Fractures commonly happen because of car accidents, falls or sports injuries. Other causes are low bone density and osteoporosis, which cause weakening of the bones. Overuse can cause stress fractures, which are very small cracks in the bone.
It can be difficult to tell if a person has a broken bone, or a joint or muscle injury. If youre in any doubt, treat the injury as a broken bone.
If the person is unconscious, has difficulty breathing or is bleeding severely, these must be dealt with first.
If the person is conscious, prevent any further pain or damage by keeping the injury still until you get them safely to hospital. Assess the injury and decide the best way to get them to hospital. If they have a broken finger or arm, you may be able to drive them yourself without causing more harm.
If they have a broken leg, do not move the person but keep them in the position you found them in. Support the injured part with anything you have handy, for example rolled up blankets or clothes.
If you suspect they have injured or broken their spine (back) do not move them and call for an ambulance.
Look out for signs of shock. If the person is pale, cold and clammy, has a weak pulse and rapid shallow breathing, they are probably in shock (see below).
If you think that the person may have shock, lie them down and loosen any tig
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