Language Learning Strategies

peating, Formally, Formula/Patern, Recombining,
Naturalistically
B. Analyzing and reasoning
Analyzing expressions, Analyzing Contrastively,
Translating
C. Creating structure for input and output
Taking notes, Summarizing, Highlighting
Direct Strategies
III. Compensation strategies
A. Guessing intelligently
Using linguistic and other clues
B. Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing
Help!, Gesture, Avoidance, Topic
Selection, Adjusting/Approximating, Coining words,
Circumlocution/Synonym
When a learner recognizes the words ball,
player, and winner in a conversation, it
could be understood that it is about sport .
Indirect Strategies
I. Metacognitive strategies
A. Centering your learning
Focus, Paying atention, Just listening
B. Arranging and planning your learning
Organizing, Setting goals, Identifying
purposes, Planning for task, Seeking times to practice
C. Evaluating your learning
Self-monitor, Self-evaluating
Indirect Strategies
II. Affective strategies
A. Lowering your anxiety
Relaxation/meditation, Music
B. Encouraging yourself
Positive statements, Rewarding yourself
C. Taking your emotional temperature
Body awareness, Diary, Sharing feelings
Indirect Strategies
III. Social strategies
A. Asking questions
Clarification/verification, Correction
B. Cooperation with others
Peer support, Interaction with native speakers
C. Empathizing with others
Developing cultural understanding, Becoming aware of
others thoughts and feelings
Matching strategies and tasks
Example: In a conversation, understanding the
message without understanding every word
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