ce. The Grecian scholar, Cadmus invented the written letter - text messages on paper sent from one individual to another. Writing was advancing beyond chiseling pictures into stone or wedging pictographs into wet clay. The Chinese invented and perfected Indian Ink. Originally designed for blacking the surfaces of raised stone-carved hieroglyphics, the ink was a mixture of soot from pine smoke and lamp oil mixed with the gelatin of donkey skin and musk. The ink invented by the Chinese philosopher, Tien-Lcheu (2697 B. C. ), became common by the year 1200 B. C. Other cultures developed inks using the natural dyes and colors derived from berries, plants and minerals. In early writings, different colored inks had ritual meaning attached to each color. papyrus and parchment papersThe invention of inks paralleled the introduction of paper. The early Egyptians, Romans, Greeks and Hebrews, used papyrus and parchment papers. One of the oldest pieces of writing on papyrus known to us today is the Egyptian "Prisse Papyrus" which dates back to 2000 B. C. The Romans created a reed-pen perfect for parchment and ink, from the hollow tubular-stems of marsh grasses, especially from the jointed bamboo plant. They converted bamboo stems into a primitive form of fountain pen. They cut one end into the form of a pen nib or point. A writing fluid or ink filled the stem, squeezing the reed forced fluid to the nib.
Teacher: Read the Paper text and write True or False.
1. Paper came from Turkey. F 2. The Chinese learned about paper in the second century AD. F 3. The oldest piece of paper was made of hemp fibres. T 4. The archaeologists found the oldest piece of paper in a tomb. T
Teacher: Children, look through the "Telegraph" text and answer the questions
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